Important Techniques for Using Telephoto Lenses

Improving Stability and Sharpness

Telephoto lenses are large and heavy, requiring good technique in the field to achieve the best possible results. Camera movements and vibrations are amplified and, if not compensated for, lead to blurry images. Image stabilization helps, but a stable tripod or monopod is still a good decision – you shouldn't forgo it, otherwise, you often won't achieve the sharpness the lens can deliver. Handheld use of heavy lenses is only effective for short periods.

Choosing the Right Tripod and Tripod Head

Even in low light conditions, a tripod helps avoid overly shortening the exposure time. Especially with telephoto lenses that are not very bright, such as the Sony 200-600 mm f5.6/6.3 G OSS, SIGMA 150-600 mm F5-6.3 DG OS HSM, SP 150-600 mm F/5-6.3 Di VC USD G2, or Canon RF 100-500 mm f4.5/7.1, a stable tripod can help. A suitable tripod head, such as a gimbal head, also makes it easier to smoothly track moving subjects. One of my favorites is the FlexShooter Pro with lever clamp, which is also particularly suitable for travel.

Practical Exercises and Routines

Balancing Your Camera Equipment

It is important to properly balance the lens with the camera on your tripod head or gimbal. This should be practiced to save time on-site and keep the position stable that you have aligned the camera to. With telephoto lenses that have external focusing, the center of gravity shifts when zooming, which makes balancing more difficult compared to internal focusing lenses.

Effective Handling in Low Light Conditions

Especially with fixed focal lengths, it is often necessary to quickly assemble the lens and attach it to the camera, essentially in the dark. A certain routine in assembly and mounting on the tripod ensures that you are ready in a few minutes without having to think long. This also reduces disturbance at your hide or position, so the animals do not immediately spot you.

Special Skills and Settings

Accurately Capturing Subjects

The ability to capture subjects through the viewfinder without long searching is crucial. Especially with telephoto lenses of 400 mm or more, it is a challenge to fix a bird in flight in the viewfinder. This should be practiced to avoid missing shots.

Useful Lens Settings

Learn the settings of your telephoto lens and understand when they are useful. Whether it is to extend the minimum focusing distance for faster autofocus performance, or to save a fixed focus point and retrieve it anytime with a custom button on the camera. Various stabilization modes can also be helpful in different situations.

Practical Examples

Kingfisher in a Dive

An example of capturing and tracking subjects in the viewfinder is the kingfisher. These small, fast-flying birds are well-camouflaged despite their bright colors. Capturing a kingfisher in flight and keeping it in the viewfinder is a challenge, especially at long focal lengths.

Osprey in the Early Morning Rain

Another example from my experience is photographing an osprey in the rain with a 200-600 mm f5.6/6.3 lens and a 1.4x teleconverter, extending the focal length to 840 mm but reducing the brightness to f9. To keep the exposure time low, I used a stable Berlebach wooden tripod that absorbs vibrations excellently. This way, I could document a female osprey during her nesting period in 2022, despite the challenging light and weather conditions.